The order from lowest to highest is: the troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere, stratopause, mesosphere, mesopause, thermosphere, and finally the exosphere. The Exosphere acts as a shield and reflects all radio waves except Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio waves. You need to learn and memorize this alphabet because this is the language you wil use when you are in the air.
The phonetic alphabet is: Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu Bernoulli's Principle states that when an airfoil is flowing in fluid, the pressure difference between the upper and lower sections of the airfoil pushes the airfoil up. Fluid flowing below the airfoil is SLOWER so it has a HIGHER pressure than the fluid flowing above the airfoil, which is FASTER hence the LOWER pressure. Airflow always goes from high to low pressure, therefore the lift force is created. There are 5 main sections of a plane:
1. The Wings [Can have 1 (monoplane), 2 (biplane) or 3 (triplane) pairs of wings] 2. The Fuselage (including Cockpit) 3. The Undercarriage Configuration (wheels or skis, and payload) 4. The Empennage (Vertical stabilizer and Horizontal stabilizer) 5. The Propulsion System The 4 forces that are acting on a plane are Lift, Weight, Thrust, and Drag. When Lift and Weight are equal and opposite they are in a state of equilibrium. When Thrust and Drag are equal and opposite they are in a state of equilibrium. Ex. If an aeroplane is in at a steady speed and rate of climb, is the aeroplane in a state of equilibrium? Yes, because if the lift and weight were not in equilibrium the rate of climb would not be steady, and if the thrust and weight were not in equilibrium the speed would not be steady. All aeroplanes are aircrafts, but not all aircrafts are aeroplanes. Knowing the definitions of each is key in understanding aviation, as the confusion between aircrafts and airplanes can create major issues. An aircraft is a device that derives it’s flying ability from a number of airfoils. An aeroplane is an aircraft with 1-3 pairs of wings (monoplanes, biplanes, and triplanes), the propulsion system (horizontally opposed engine, radial engine, ramjet, scramjet, etc), empennage (the tail section: elevator, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, rudder), and undercarriage configuration (skis or wheels, payload, etc). It has 3 axes which are Longitudinal, Lateral and Normal (vertical). Ex. A helicopter has a propulsion system, skis (undercarriage configuration), has an empennage, is it an aeroplane? No, because a helicopter derives its lift from rotors, not wings, therefore a helicopter is an aircraft. |
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I am an engineering student at Ryerson University's Aerospace Engineering program. I have two pilot licenses, a Glider Pilot License and a Private Pilot License. I created this website to allow young aspiring pilots to learn basic aviation lessons to succeed in they future aspirations. Categories
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